Three States Of Matter
Matter
It is defined as any thing which has mass and occupies space is called matter.
Matter is composed of small and tiny particles called Atoms or molecules. It exist in three different states which are gaseous, liquid & solid.
Properties of Gas
1. It has no definite shape.
2. It has no definite volume, so it can be compressed or expanded.
3. A gas may diffuse with the other gas.
4. The molecules of a gas are in continuous motion.
Properties of Liquids
1. A liquid has no definite shape.
2. It has a fixed volume.
3. The diffusion of a liquid into the other liquid is possible if both of the liquids are polar or non-polar.
4. It can be compressed to a negligible.
Properties of Solids
1. A solid has a definite shape.
2. It has a fixed volume.
3. The rate of diffusion of solid with each other is very slow.
4. It cannot be compressed easily.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
It was an idea of some scientist like Maxwell & Bolzmann that the properties of gases are due to their molecular motion. This motion of the molecules is related with the kinetic energy, so the postulates give by the scientist about the behaviour of gases are collectively known as kinetic molecular theory of gases.
The postulates of kinetic molecular theory are as follows.
1. All gases consists of very large number of tiny particles called molecules.
2. These molecules are widely separated from each other and are so small that they are invisible.
3. The size of the molecules is very small as compared to the distance between them.
4. There is no attractive or repulsive force between molecules so they can move freely.
5. The molecules are very hard and perfectly elastic so when they collide no loss of energy takes place.
6. The gas molecules are in continuous motion they move in a straight path until they collide. The distance between two continuous collision is called Mean Free Path.
7. During their motion these molecules are collided with one another and with the walls of the container.
8. The collision of the molecules are perfectly elastic. When molecules collide they rebound with perfect elasticity and without loss or gain of energy.
9. The pressure of the gas is the result of collision of molecules on the walls of the container.
10. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules depends upon the absolute temperature. At any given temperature the molecules of all gases have the same average kinetic energy (1/2 mv2).
Kinetic Theory of Liquids
This theory is bases on the following assumptions.
1. The particles of a liquid are very close to each other due to which a liquid has fixed volume.
2. The particles in a liquid are free to move so they have no definite shape.
3. During the motion these molecules collides with each other and with the walls of the container.
4. These molecules possess kinetic which is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
Kinetic Theory of Solids
The assumptions of kinetic theory for solids are as follows.
1. The particles in a solid are very closely packed due to strong attractive forces between the molecules.
2. These molecules are present at a fixed position and are unable to move.
3. They have definite shape because the particles are arranged in a fixed pattern.
4. They possess only vibrational energy.
Matter
It is defined as any thing which has mass and occupies space is called matter.
Matter is composed of small and tiny particles called Atoms or molecules. It exist in three different states which are gaseous, liquid & solid.
Properties of Gas
1. It has no definite shape.
2. It has no definite volume, so it can be compressed or expanded.
3. A gas may diffuse with the other gas.
4. The molecules of a gas are in continuous motion.
Properties of Liquids
1. A liquid has no definite shape.
2. It has a fixed volume.
3. The diffusion of a liquid into the other liquid is possible if both of the liquids are polar or non-polar.
4. It can be compressed to a negligible.
Properties of Solids
1. A solid has a definite shape.
2. It has a fixed volume.
3. The rate of diffusion of solid with each other is very slow.
4. It cannot be compressed easily.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
It was an idea of some scientist like Maxwell & Bolzmann that the properties of gases are due to their molecular motion. This motion of the molecules is related with the kinetic energy, so the postulates give by the scientist about the behaviour of gases are collectively known as kinetic molecular theory of gases.
The postulates of kinetic molecular theory are as follows.
1. All gases consists of very large number of tiny particles called molecules.
2. These molecules are widely separated from each other and are so small that they are invisible.
3. The size of the molecules is very small as compared to the distance between them.
4. There is no attractive or repulsive force between molecules so they can move freely.
5. The molecules are very hard and perfectly elastic so when they collide no loss of energy takes place.
6. The gas molecules are in continuous motion they move in a straight path until they collide. The distance between two continuous collision is called Mean Free Path.
7. During their motion these molecules are collided with one another and with the walls of the container.
8. The collision of the molecules are perfectly elastic. When molecules collide they rebound with perfect elasticity and without loss or gain of energy.
9. The pressure of the gas is the result of collision of molecules on the walls of the container.
10. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules depends upon the absolute temperature. At any given temperature the molecules of all gases have the same average kinetic energy (1/2 mv2).
Kinetic Theory of Liquids
This theory is bases on the following assumptions.
1. The particles of a liquid are very close to each other due to which a liquid has fixed volume.
2. The particles in a liquid are free to move so they have no definite shape.
3. During the motion these molecules collides with each other and with the walls of the container.
4. These molecules possess kinetic which is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
Kinetic Theory of Solids
The assumptions of kinetic theory for solids are as follows.
1. The particles in a solid are very closely packed due to strong attractive forces between the molecules.
2. These molecules are present at a fixed position and are unable to move.
3. They have definite shape because the particles are arranged in a fixed pattern.
4. They possess only vibrational energy.
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